The effect of dietary protein level and ration level on excretion of ammonia in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

Citation

Chakraborty SC, Ross L & Ross B (1992) The effect of dietary protein level and ration level on excretion of ammonia in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Physiology, 103 (4), pp. 801-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629%2892%2990184-R

Abstract
1. Nitrogenous excretion in the form of ammonia was determined in common carp of 65.0 ± 8.0 g body weight in metabolism chambers. The fish were fed with 20, 35 and 50% dietary protein at 1, 2 and 3% body weight per day ration level. 2. Nitrogenous excretion as a percentage of ingested food increased with an increase of dietary protein but decreased with an increase of ration level. 3. The energy lost in excretion ranged from 4.19% with 20% dietary protein at 3% ration level to 8.74% with 50% dietary at 1% ration level.

Journal
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Physiology: Volume 103, Issue 4