Review

Counterfactual curiosity: Motivated thinking about what might have been

Details

Citation

FitzGibbon L & Murayama K (2022) Counterfactual curiosity: Motivated thinking about what might have been. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377 (1866), Art. No.: 20210340. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0340

Abstract
Counterfactual information, information about what might have been, forms the content of counterfactual thoughts and emotions like regret and relief. Recent research suggests that human adults and children, as well as rhesus monkeys, demonstrate "counterfactual curiosity": they are motivated to seek out counterfactual information after making decisions. Based on contemporary theories of curiosity and information seeking and a broad range of empirical literature, we suggest multiple heterogeneous psychological processes that contribute to people's motivation for counterfactual information. This includes processes that are identified in the curiosity literature more generally-the potential utility of counterfactual information for adaptive decision making (its long-term instrumental value) and the drive to reduce uncertainty. Additionally, we suggest that counterfactual information may be particularly alluring because of its role in causal reasoning; its relationship with prediction and decision making; and its potential to fulfil emotion regulation and

Keywords
Information seeking; counterfactual; motivation; uncertainty; decision making; prediction

Journal
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: Volume 377, Issue 1866

StatusPublished
FundersThe Leverhulme Trust, The Leverhulme Trust, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and Jacobs Foundation
Publication date19/12/2022
Publication date online31/10/2022
Date accepted by journal30/05/2022
URLhttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/34386
ISSN0962-8436
eISSN1471-2970

People (1)

Dr Lily FitzGibbon

Dr Lily FitzGibbon

Lecturer in Psychology, Psychology