Robust representations for face recognition: the power of averages

Citation

Burton AM, Jenkins R, Hancock PJB & White D (2005) Robust representations for face recognition: the power of averages. Cognitive Psychology, 51 (3), pp. 256-284. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00100285; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.06.003

Abstract
We are able to recognise familiar faces easily across large variations in image quality, though our ability to match unfamiliar faces is strikingly poor. Here we ask how the representation of a face changes as we become familiar with it. We use a simple image-averaging technique to derive abstract representations of known faces. Using Principal Components Analysis, we show that computational systems based on these averages consistently outperform systems based on collections of instances. Furthermore, the quality of the average improves as more images are used to derive it. These simulations are carried out with famous faces, over which we had no control of superficial image characteristics. We then present data from three experiments demonstrating that image averaging can also improve recognition by human observers. Finally, we describe how PCA on image averages appears to preserve identity-specific face information, while eliminating non-diagnostic pictorial information. We therefore suggest that this is a good candidate for a robust face representation.

Keywords
Face recognition; PCA; Face perception; Visual perception; Recognition (Psychology); Principal components analysis

Journal
Cognitive Psychology: Volume 51, Issue 3

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