Helping children think: gaze aversion and teaching

Citation

Phelps F, Doherty-Sneddon G & Warnock H (2006) Helping children think: gaze aversion and teaching. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24 (3), pp. 577-588. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151005X49872

Abstract
Looking away from an interlocutor’s face during demanding cognitive activity can help adults answer challenging arithmetic and verbal-reasoning questions (Glenberg, Schroeder, & Robertson, 1998). However, such ‘gaze aversion’ (GA) is poorly applied by 5-year old school children (Doherty-Sneddon, Bruce, Bonner, Longbotham, & Doyle, 2002). In Experiment 1 we trained ten 5-year old children to use GA whilst thinking about answers to questions. This trained group performed significantly better on challenging questions compared to ten controls given no GA training. In Experiment 2 we found significant and monotonic age-related increments in spontaneous use of GA across three cohorts of ten 5-year old school children (M ages: 5;02, 5;06 and 5;08). Teaching and encouraging GA during challenging cognitive activity promises to be invaluable in promoting learning, particularly during early primary years.

Keywords
Gaze aversion; Thinking; Child development; Problem-solving; Cognitive demand; Gaze (Psychology); Problem-solving in children

Journal
British Journal of Developmental Psychology: Volume 24, Issue 3