Buton macaques (Macaca ochreata brunnescens): crops, conflict, and behavior on farms

Citation

Priston NEC, Wyper RM & Lee PC (2012) Buton macaques (Macaca ochreata brunnescens): crops, conflict, and behavior on farms. American Journal of Primatology, 74 (1), pp. 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.21003

Abstract
One consequence of anthropogenic habitat alteration is that many nonhuman primates are forced into conflict interactions with humans and their livelihood activities, especially through crop raiding. These problems are particularly acute for the endemic and threatened Buton Island macaque (Macaca ochreata brunnescens), in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Our study investigated the crop raiding behavior of this species over time. Foods eaten and the behavioral repertoire exhibited by macaques during crop raiding at and inside farm perimeters were observed over a period of 8 years (2002-2009). Storage organ crops (e.g. sweet potato) were abundant and most frequently raided by macaques.Individual macaques were most commonly observed to raid close (0-10 m) to farm perimeters. Activities such as feeding, resting, moving, and social interaction varied significantly as a function of penetration distance into the farm, but only marginally between age-sex classes. The annual average raid frequency per farm decreased over the latter years of the study period, raising questions about changes in macaque foraging and ranging behavior over time and their response to farm management and mitigation strategies.

Keywords
ethnoprimatology; crop raiding; macaque conservation; endemic species; Indonesia; conflict management; Macaques Behaviour Indonesia; Human-animal relationships; Wildlife management Indonesia

Journal
American Journal of Primatology: Volume 74, Issue 1