Stable forms of two-dimensional crystals and graphene

Citation

O'Hare A, Kusmartsev FV & Kugel KI (2012) Stable forms of two-dimensional crystals and graphene. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 407 (11), pp. 1964-1968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2012.01.075

Abstract
We show that the "two-dimensional" graphene is stable due to transverse short-range displacements of carbon atoms, which may be described in a framework of Ising model with competing interactions. When temperature decreases, two transitions, high temperature disorder into order and order into low-temperature glass, arise. The graphene looks like a microscopic "washboard" with the wavelength of about 2-4 Å. Due to up-down asymmetry of the lattice distortions in graphene on substrate, a mini-bandgap arises. This leads to many new phenomena: a rectification of AC current induced by microwave or infrared radiation, the existence of self-trapping and a new type of fermionic mini-exciton-polaritons.

Keywords
Graphene; Electron gas; Two-dimensional crystal

Journal
Physica B: Condensed Matter: Volume 407, Issue 11