Article

Deformed wing virus: using reverse genetics to tackle unanswered questions about the most important viral pathogen of honey bees

Details

Citation

Woodford L & Evans DJ (2021) Deformed wing virus: using reverse genetics to tackle unanswered questions about the most important viral pathogen of honey bees. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 45 (4). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaa070

Abstract
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is the most important viral pathogen of honey bees. It usually causes asymptomatic infections but, when vectored by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, it is responsible for the majority of overwintering colony losses globally. Although DWV was discovered four decades ago, research has been hampered by the absence of an in vitro cell culture system or the ability to culture pure stocks of the virus. The recent developments of reverse genetic systems for DWV go some way to addressing these limitations. They will allow the investigation of specific questions about strain variation, host tropism and pathogenesis to be answered, and are already being exploited to study tissue tropism and replication in Varroa and non-Apis pollinators. Three areas neatly illustrate the advances possible with reverse genetic approaches: (i) strain variation and recombination, in which reverse genetics has highlighted similarities rather than differences between virus strains; (ii) analysis of replication kinetics in both honey bees and Varroa, in studies that likely explain the near clonality of virus populations often reported; and (iii) pathogen spillover to non-Apis pollinators, using genetically tagged viruses to accurately monitor replication and infection.

Keywords
Deformed wing virus; Varroa destructor; reverse genetics; honey bee; virus bottleneck; pathogen spillover

Journal
FEMS Microbiology Reviews: Volume 45, Issue 4

StatusPublished
FundersUniversity of St Andrews
Publication date31/07/2021
Publication date online15/12/2020
Date accepted by journal11/12/2020
PublisherOxford University Press (OUP)
ISSN0168-6445
eISSN1574-6976

People (1)

Dr Luke Woodford

Dr Luke Woodford

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Biological and Environmental Sciences