Trait matching and sampling effort shape the structure of the frugivory network in Afrotropical forests

Citation

Ementine Durand-Bessart C, Cordeiro NJ, Chapman CA, Abernethy K, Forget P, Fontaine C & ßois Bretagnolle F (2023) Trait matching and sampling effort shape the structure of the frugivory network in Afrotropical forests. New Phytologist, 237 (4), pp. 1446-1462. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18619

Abstract
Frugivory in tropical forests is a major ecological process as most tree species rely on frugi-vores to disperse their seeds. However, the underlying mechanisms driving frugivore-plant networks remain understudied. Here, we evaluate the data available on the Afrotropical fru-givory network to identify structural properties, as well as assess knowledge gaps. We assembled a database of frugivory interactions from the literature with > 10 000 links, between 807 tree and 285 frugivore species. We analysed the network structure using a block model that groups species with similar interaction patterns and estimates interaction probabilities among them. We investigated the species traits related to this grouping structure. This frugivory network was simplified into 14 tree and 14 frugivore blocks. The block structure depended on the sampling effort among species: Large mammals were better-studied, while smaller frugivores were the least studied. Species traits related to frugivory were strong predictors of the species composition of blocks and interactions among them. Fruits from larger trees were consumed by most frugivores, and large frugivores had higher probabilities to consume larger fruits. To conclude, this large-scale frugivory network was mainly structured by species traits involved in frugivory, and as expected by the distribution areas of species, while still being limited by sampling incompleteness.

Keywords
block models; conservation; downsizing crisis; functional redundancy; mutualism; tropical ecology; tropical forests

Journal
New Phytologist: Volume 237, Issue 4