New research will improve diagnosis of antenatal anxiety

A landmark study by experts at the University of Stirling will help health professionals improve the identification of severe and problematic anxiety in pregnant women.

Antenatal anxiety can be difficult to identify and current guidance recommends that health professionals apply the same screening tool used to detect anxiety disorders in the general population. Such generic tools cite physical symptoms – such as palpitations or sleep difficulties – which can also be common experiences of pregnancy.

However, the new, multidisciplinary study – from the Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit (NMAHP-RU) at Stirling – has now identified a number of symptoms that are reliable indicators of antenatal anxiety.

Andrea Sinesi, who led the work as part of his PhD, said: “Previous research clearly shows that antenatal anxiety considerably increases the risk of postnatal depression and can negatively affect child development, both in the short and long term. We also know that existing anxiety scales developed for the general population are not reliable in screening for problematic anxiety in pregnant women.

“Our research looked at all of the studies conducted over the last 30 years – that were of good or excellent methodological quality – which used anxiety scales with pregnant women. We examined all of the questions included within each of the scales. It is the first time that both the content and psychometric properties of such studies have been systematically examined and evaluated.

“Through this analysis, we were able to identify a number of symptoms consistently shown to be reliable and valid indicators of antenatal anxiety. These include elevated levels of worry; symptoms of panic; fear of childbirth; and excessive worries about the baby’s health.”